Data transformation is a crucial step in data analysis, and R provides many powerful tools for transforming and manipulating data. Here is an example of data transformation using R: Suppose you have a dataset called “mydata” that contains information about some customers, including their name, age, gender, and income. Here is a sample of what the data might look like:

name age gender income
1 Bob 25 M 50000
2 Alice 30 F 60000
3 Tom 35 M 70000
4 Sue 40 F 80000
Now, let’s say you want to perform some data transformation on this dataset. Here are some common data transformations that you can do with R:
- Subset the data:
You can select a subset of the data based on some criteria using the subset() function. For example, you can select only the customers who are over 30 years old:
mydata_subset <- subset(mydata, age > 30)
This will create a new dataset called “mydata_subset” that contains only the rows where age is greater than 30.
- Rename columns:
You can rename the columns in the dataset using the colnames() function. For example, you can rename the “gender” column to “sex”:
colnames(mydata)[3] <- "sex"
This will rename the third column (which is the “gender” column) to “sex”.
- Reorder columns:
You can reorder the columns in the dataset using the select() function from the dplyr package. For example, you can move the “income” column to the front of the dataset:
library(dplyr)
mydata_new <- select(mydata, income, everything())
This will create a new dataset called “mydata_new” that has the “income” column as the first column, followed by the other columns in the original dataset.
- Create new columns:
You can create new columns in the dataset based on some calculation or function using the mutate() function from the dplyr package. For example, you can create a new column called “income_log” that contains the logarithm of the “income” column:
mydata_new <- mutate(mydata, income_log = log(income))
This will create a new dataset called “mydata_new” that has a new column called “income_log” containing the logarithm of the “income” column.
- Group and summarize data:
You can group the data based on some variable and summarize the data using the group_by() and summarize() functions from the dplyr package. For example, you can group the data by “sex” and calculate the average income for each sex:
mydata_summary <- mydata %>%
group_by(sex) %>%
summarize(avg_income = mean(income))
This will create a new dataset called “mydata_summary” that has two rows (one for each sex) and one column called “avg_income” containing the average income for each sex.
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